THE LIBRARY OF IBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE

CHARITY AND WELFARE:
HOSPITALS AND THE POOR IN MEDIEVAL CATALONIA

JAMES WILLIAM BRODMAN

Index
To Pagination in Original 1998 University of Pennsylvania Press Edition

[223]
abandoned children, 17, 32-33, 39, 60, 63-64, 66, 68-69, 102-3, 107-23, 127, 140-42, 189, 194-99; mortality rates, 117, 119, 198; reclamation of, 113, 115, 119, 197, 199

abstinence, 10, 24-25, 161-62

administrators (see also, hospitallers), 10-11, 13, 19, 33, 37, 43, 48-53, 58-59, 61, 68, 116, 134-35, 169-70, 180

adoption, 110, 122-23, 139, 200

Africans, 115, 118

Albigensians, 161

Alfons I (II of Aragon), 165

Alfons III (IV of Aragon), 16, 80, 104, 170

Alfons IV (V of Aragon), 92

Alfonso VIII (king of Castile), 153, 175, 182

Alfonso X (king of Castile), 29, 110, 117, 151-52, 182, 195

alms, 20-21, 49, 61, 78, 82, 85, 101, 111, 137-39, 153-54, 159, 166, 175, 180, 182, 204

alms collectors, 4, 19, 38, 56, 59-61, 78, 151-52, 173, 180, 204

anniversaries, 6, 10, 14-17, 52, 78, 155, 166

Antonines (Order of Saint Anthony), 3, 41, 45, 51, 54, 60, 84-85, 173, 182

apothecaries, 19, 61, 86, 88-91, 94-97, 183-84, 186-87, 189, 200

apprenticeship, 89, 115, 120-23, 143, 187, 200

Aquinas, Thomas, 4, 151

Aragon, crown of, 69, 72, 87-88, 90, 93, 100, 104, 112-13, 127, 134-35, 165, 179, 185-86, 188, 193, 196

Aragon, kingdom of, xi, 69, 122, 163-64, 177, 194

Ariès, Philippe, x, 193

Arles, 30,192

artisans, 2, 19, 101, 106, 121-22, 131, 200

assistance, xii, 1, 3, 6-7, 26, 72, 142-43

Astorga, 29, 112

Asturias, 77, 81, 161, 179

Augustine, Rule of Saint , 3, 54-55, 84, 128, 171, 181, 201

bací, see parish alms funds

Banker, James, 133

baptism, 110, 116, 120, 122, 135, 141, 195, 198-99

barbers, 61, 71, 74, 86-91, 93-95, 97, 183-87

Barcelona, xi, 5, 13-14, 22, 60, 69, 84, 87, 89-91, 100, 102, 104-5, 115, 119, 121, 126-29, 132, 134-36, 142, 154, 156, 161, 169, 184-85, 188-91, 199-201, 204; Consell de Cent, 33, 48-49, 69, 78, 103, 106, 129-30, 137-38, 140-41, 161, 190, 201; hospitals of, 30-36, 51, 62, 68, 108, 112, 114, 120; lepers in, 77-79, 81-82, 161; parishes, 19-21, 101-2, 189; Pia Almoina, 9-10, 14-18, 24-25, 53, 140, 143, 155-57

Barnes, Andrew, 133

Batlle, Carme, 54, 56, 101, 132, 134, 139

Baucells i Reig, Josep, 9, 14, 16-17, 156

bedding, 31, 36, 41-42, 49, 51, 59-60, 64, 82, 105, 129, 164, 175, 204

beggars, 2, 4-6, 8, 17, 19, 28, 36, 65, 68, 75, 80-81, 109, 113, 115, 133, 136-37, 141-43, 152, 154, 156-57, 196

Beguins, 45, 55-56, 67, 130, 172

Benedict XIII (pope), 70

Benedict, Rule of Saint, 28, 163

Bensch, Stephen, 154, 201

Bergamo, 69

Bériac, Françoise, 82

Bernard of Clairvaux, 3

Bertrán i Roigé, Prim, 15, 22-26, 160-61

bishops, 8, 10-13, 29-31, 33-34, 36, 38-40, 44, 46, 48-49, 56, 60, 77, 81-82, 91, 102, 105, 108, 110-11, 125-26, 128, 132, 155, 159, 169, 173, 183

Black, Christopher, 133

[224]
blind people, 5, 29-30, 36, 130, 141, 152, 166

bordellos, 103-5, 123, 192-93

Boswell, John, x, 196

bread, 10, 12-14, 17-18, 22-23, 60, 63, 155-57, 160, 162

Brescia, 69, 171, 177, 198

Burgos, 25, 29, 65-66, 72, 77, 152, 162, 172, 174, 189

burial, 40, 67, 97-98, 135, 137, 142, 167, 176, 189, 203

Burns, Robert I., S.J., x, 65, 187

Calatayud, 184

canons regular, 3, 34, 63, 73, 128, 135, 161-62, 201

captives, 17, 40, 44, 151, 165, 167, 171, 197

Carmelites, 89

Castelló d'Empúries, 92, 187

Castelló de la Plana, 45, 113, 186

Castile, xi, 4-5, 19, 65, 69, 86, 90, 110, 112, 117-18, 122, 126, 151, 157, 159, 161, 185, 187, 190, 195, 199

Catalonia, x-xi, 26, 30-31, 54, 62, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 86, 88, 90, 99, 104, 122, 126-32, 134, 138, 156, 186, 201

cathedral chapters, 3, 9-12, 19, 31, 37-39, 41, 44, 77, 92, 111-12, 125-29, 155, 161, 164, 186

Cavallo, Susan, 134, 139

censales, 21, 138-39, 159, 176, 180, 203-4

censos, 21, 138-39, 180

Cervera, 41, 79-80, 84, 87, 92, 126-27, 129, 180, 201

chaplains, 11, 16, 31, 34, 52, 55-57, 61, 64, 70-71, 77-78, 82, 118, 134-35, 169-71, 180

charity, 2, 4-7, 60, 89, 101, 125-27, 131, 133-34, 136-37, 140, 142-43, 150, 153-54, 161, 191, 201; theories of, xii, 203

Chartres, 76, 178, 181

children, 7, 100, 106-24, 193-200

Cistercians, 2, 4, 126, 167, 169

Ciutadella, 50

Clapers, Bernat dez, 33, 45, 65-66, 103, 129, 168

Clapers, hospital of En (Valencia), 22-23, 25, 45-46, 52-53, 57, 59-60, 62, 64, 66-68, 93-98, 108-9, 112, 114, 116-19, 121-22, 130, 138, 140, 159, 169, 172, 175, 180, 186, 196-97

Clement IV (pope), 179

Clement V (pope), 49, 134

clothing, 19-20, 71, 103, 117, 121, 123, 155, 175; for lepers, 178-79; for prostitutes, 104, 192

Colom, hospital of En (Barcelona), 32, 48, 50, 56, 58, 60, 63, 65, 67, 70, 86, 112, 138

Colom, Joan, 32, 47-48, 129

confession, 59, 64, 70-71, 91, 106, 135, 185, 188

confraternities, 5, 29, 36, 39-40, 42, 45, 62, 79, 87-89, 101, 103, 111-12, 115, 125, 129-30, 132-33, 139-40, 154, 160-61, 166, 184, 202-3

Constantinople, 84, 187, 189

Córdoba, 29, 65, 77, 86, 177

corodians, 45, 65, 67, 173, 175

corody, 59, 65, 172-73

crusades, 8, 177-79

Cullum, Patricia, 59, 65, 131, 153, 186

Decretum, 4, 110

Desvilar, hospital of Pere (Barcelona), 23-24, 33-34, 48, 63-65, 69, 140, 165

Desvilar, Pere, 32-34, 48, 50, 58, 65, 130, 175

diet, 22-23, 26, 96, 160, 162, 175, 199

discipline, 51

disease, 95-96, 119-20, 188

Dominicans, 35, 37, 48, 192

donat(a), 34, 50-51, 54, 56-59, 172

dowries, 100-3, 109, 115, 120-21, 123, 130, 142, 153, 159, 190-91, 200

Duarte (king of Portugal), 69

Duran, Agustí, 84

Echániz Sans, Maria, 16, 23-26

economic crisis, 5, 8-9, 12, 14-15, 17, 20-21, 33, 90, 108-9, 115, 126, 137-38, 140, 154, 156, 196, 201, 204

Eiximenis, Francesc, 4, 6, 104, 131, 137, 142, 150-51, 203

elderly, the, 16, 20, 29, 39, 59, 135, 140, 173

England, 30, 59, 69, 76-77, 82, 84-86, 110, 120-21, 131, 134, 164, 166, 174, 176-80, 184-85, 187, 196, 202-3

Epstein, Steven, 101, 132-33

ergotism, 22, 41, 45, 73, 83-85, 160, 182

Eugenius IV (pope), 69

Fairchilds, Cissie, 134, 143

father of the poor, 19, 113, 122-23, 141

Ferdinand II (king of Aragon), 69

Fernando IV (king of Castile), 151-52

Ferrer, Vicent, 4, 136-37, 199

fish, 24-25, 162

fishermen, 33, 45, 64, 67

Florence, 30, 75, 91, 107-8, 111, 113, 115, 117-21, 131, 139-40,153-54, 158-59, 164-65, 169, 172, 174, 177, 184-85, 187-89, 193-97, 199-200, 203

food distributions, 12, 14, 17-20, 22

foundlings, see abandoned children

France, 55, 62, 65, 69, 72, 75-76, 82, 84, 104-5, 110-11, 120, 122, 134, 152, 160, 169, 173, 177-78, 181-82, 185-86, 190-93, 197, 200

Franciscans, 19, 35, 42, 45, 55, 68, 80, 105, 171, 179, 192-93, 201

Frederick II (emperor), 110, 183

friars of the Sack, 45

Furs of Valencia, 87, 92, 94, 107

Galen, 188

Galicia, 161

García Ballester, Luis, 90, 185

Gavitt, Philip, 108, 113, 117, 119, 131, 169, 196

general hospitals, xiii, 40, 68-73, 135, 144, 176-77

Genoa, 65, 102, 111, 132, 197

Geremek, Bronislaw, x, 133, 152-53

Germany, 84-86, 152, 173, 183, 185-86, 194-95

Girona, 19, 89-90, 92, 94, 100-1, 106, 109, 121, 126, 128-30, 132, 134, 140, 193, 200-1; Almoina del Pa, 12-13, 15, 18, 22-23, 26-27, 92, 160, 202; hospitals of, 30, 38, 49, 51, 53, 63-64, 66, 94, 166-67, 170; lepers in, 79; town council, 129-30

Granada, 69

Granollers, 35, 48, 130

Gratian, 4, 6-7, 110

Gregorian reform movement, 2, 128

Grony, Pere, 10, 16, 155

Gualba, Ponç de (bishop of Barelona), 34, 50, 52, 56, 78, 83, 134, 158

guidaticum, 68, 84

Guillem Nicolau, 39-40, 56, 58, 62, 79

Guilleré, Christian, 13, 15, 90, 132

Gurb, Arnau de (bishop of Barcelona), 10, 33-34, 50, 170

health care groups, 89, 92, 186

Henderson, John, 139, 153-54, 204

Henry V (king of England), 69

Holy Spirit, Order of the, 41, 54, 58-60, 75, 100, 107, 111-12, 159, 171, 173, 179, 185, 189, 193-94

hospices, 28-30, 38, 43, 46, 57, 62, 66, 100, 111, 164

Hospital de Ignoscents, Folls e Orats (Valencia), 69, 86, 112, 182

Hospital del Rey (Burgos), 23-24, 29, 56, 62, 65-66, 153, 160-62, 172, 174-75, 188-89

hospitality, 2, 28

hospitallers, 4, 37, 41, 63, 68, 82, 120, 166, 168

Hospitallers of Saint John, 30, 32, 40, 42, 44, 54, 62, 93, 111, 151, 174-75, 179, 187, 194

hospitals, 28-30, 45-47, 71-73, 98-99, 125-26, 131, 139; governance of, 48-49; location of, 32, 34, 39-40, 61-62, 75; patient care in, 66, 70-71, 73, 79, 83, 93-98, 135, 143, 169, 175, 188; patient population of, 32, 35, 57, 64-68, 70, 72, 79, 95, 100, 174, 176, 196-97; patronage of, 33, 38, 40, 47-49, 51-52, 139; size and configuration of, 37, 39, 42-43, 45, 61-64, 70, 100, 174-75, 177, 187, 189; staff of, 32, 44, 54-61, 78-79, 171-72, 180

Hôtels-Dieu, 55

Huesca, 57-58, 87, 154, 184

illegitimacy, 108, 110, 114-15, 124, 141, 196-97

illness, 95-96

infanticide, 107-8, 119, 124, 194

infirmarian, 51, 60-61, 70-71

Innocent III (pope), 56, 107

invalids, 3-5, 29, 59, 130, 137, 203

Isabel (queen of Castile), 69

Italy, xi, 5, 26, 69, 72, 89-90, 100-2, 108, 111, 113, 119, 121, 133-34, 156, 176-77, 186-87, 201

Jaca, 154

Jacques de Vitry, 4, 54, 60, 151-52

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Jaume I (king of Aragon), 14, 32, 44-45, 85-86, 129, 192

Jaume II (king of Aragon), 5, 16, 42, 68, 75, 79-80, 87, 103-4, 184, 186

Jews, 10, 35-36, 44, 67, 91-92, 117, 122, 140-41, 185-86, 188, 190-91, 196, 198

Joan I (king of Aragon), 103-4

Joan II (king of Aragon), 159

Jordanus de Turre, 75, 178, 181

Knights of Saint John, see Hospitallers of Saint John

Lateran, Third Council of the (1179), 74

law, 75-76, 109-110, 117-18, 136, 151, 178, 195, 197-99; canon law, 2-3, 68, 82, 109-10, 135-36, 158, 191-92, 202; Roman law, 109-110

León, 28-29, 77, 150, 201

leper hospitals, 29, 42, 62, 74-81, 140, 156, 177, 179-81, 193

lepers, 30, 39, 41, 64, 73, 75-76, 95, 109, 140, 142, 177-78, 181-82; care of, 52, 79, 81-83, 170, 180-82; quarantine of, 75-76, 178-81

lepers' plot (1321), 75, 80, 178

leprosy, 73-75, 177-78, 180-81

Lille, 75

Little, Lester K., 2

Lleida, 23, 51, 60, 79, 85, 87, 102-3, 113, 126-30, 135, 138, 162, 157, 184; hospitals of, 39-41, 56, 58, 62, 69, 112, 189; lepers in, 79; Pia Almoina, 10-11, 15-18, 22-25, 53, 140, 143, 155-56, 161, 201

Llobera, hospital of (Solsona), 38, 48

Llull, Ramon, 55, 131, 190

López Alonso, Carmen, xi, xiii, 126, 131

Louis VII (king of France), 179

Louis VIII (king of France), 76

Louis IX (king of France), 152, 166, 192

Low Countries, 30, 112, 158, 173

Madrid, 198

maidens, 7, 100-4, 151, 172, 190-91

Majorca, xi, 14, 19, 43-44, 69, 80, 92, 112, 126-27, 129, 166, 168, 173, 192

Manresa, 35, 82, 90, 92, 127, 130, 184, 201

Marcús, Bernat, 33, 62, 165

Marcús, hospital of En (Barcelona), 33, 56, 62-63, 69, 112, 127, 130, 137, 143, 172, 176

marriage, 83, 100-4, 120, 122-23, 172, 191

Martí I (king of Aragon), 60-61, 166, 170, 204

Martinell, César, x, 42

matricularii, 2, 152

McVaugh, Michael, 88, 90, 135, 185, 203

meat, 22, 24, 161-62

medical community, 88-92, 135, 184-85

medical licensing, 86-88, 183-85

medical practitioners, 59, 86-93, 182-85, 203; female, 91, 94-95, 185-86, 188; Jewish, 91; Muslim, 91

medical schools, 75, 86-89, 181-83

medical treatment, 71, 83, 93, 96-97, 183, 187-88

medicines, 94-97, 188-89

mental illness and the mentally disturbed, 64, 66, 69, 72, 85-86, 95, 130, 143, 189, 197

Mercedarians, 10, 19, 45, 54, 65, 171

Mérida, 28, 182

metgesses, 91-92, 94-95

Milan, 69, 110-11, 177

Miller, Timothy, 93

Mollat, Michel, x, 1, 3, 125, 153, 201

monasteries, 2, 8, 28, 30, 36, 65, 80, 125-26, 133, 150, 157, 163

money, xiv

Montblanc, 42-43, 126-27, 130, 177, 201

montes de pietà, 19

Montpellier, 75, 82, 86-87, 112, 117, 120, 129, 183, 192, 200

Monzón, cortes of, 91, 104

morbería, 80

Morella, 80, 93

mortality rates, 67-68, 96, 98, 117, 119, 142, 176, 185, 188

Mundy, John H., 77

municipalities, 103; councils, 14, 35, 37, 42-43, 51, 58, 80, 86, 88, 98, 104-5, 113, 126, 129-30, 132-33, 135, 137-38, 143, 176, 183, 201, 203; hospitals belonging to, 33, 35, 37-38, 41-42, 45, 79, 81, 127, 130-32, 135; population of, 14-15, 201

Murcia, 92, 151

Muslims, 67, 91-92, 104, 117, 122, 140-41, 165, 177-78, 185, 191-92, 196, 200

Naples, 65, 185

Narbonne, 30, 75, 192

[227]
Navarre, 29, 113

new orders, 2

Nirenberg, David, 141, 196

nurses, see sisters

old age, see the elderly

Olesa de Bonesvalls, 35, 53, 126, 169

Organyà, 36, 55, 63

orphanages and foundling homes, 41, 51, 110-12, 120-21, 143, 195-96, 200

orphans, 4, 30, 35, 58, 69, 73, 102-3, 107, 110-11, 120-23, 127, 140-41, 151, 189

Oviedo, 29, 75, 179

Palencia, 77, 112, 182

Palestine, 84, 93, 174, 177-79, 187

Palou, Berenguer de (bishop of Barcelona), 9-10, 17, 32, 155

pare dels òrfens, see father of the poor

Paris, 29, 55, 62, 72, 75-76, 83, 87, 90, 93, 100, 111-12, 121, 133, 166, 174, 179, 187, 189-92, 195-96

parishes, 6, 19, 27, 29, 40, 61, 64, 101, 105, 111, 133, 158; parish alms funds, 6, 18-21, 102, 109, 130-31, 136-37, 140, 158, 176, 189

Park, Katherine, 98, 134

pauperes verecundi, 5, 17, 19-20, 27, 81, 102, 109, 114, 131-32, 136, 139-42, 153, 158

paupers, see the poor

Pedro I (king of Aragon), 177

Pedro I (king of Castile), 5, 152

Penyafort, Ramon de, 4, 136, 142

Pere II (III of Aragon), 45, 129

Pere III (IV of Aragon), 14, 18, 50, 60, 62, 85, 87, 89, 94, 102-4, 113, 166, 187, 191

Pérez de Ravidats, Guillem (bishop of Lleida), 10, 23, 39

Perpignan, 31, 87, 90, 129, 185, 193, 197, 201; corts of, 109

physicians, 61, 67, 71, 80-81, 83, 86-97, 181-89; town, 92-94, 186-87

pia almoina, 8-14, 26-27, 126, 140, 142-43, 154

pilgrims, 3-4, 9, 11, 17, 28-30, 32-33, 35-36, 38-39, 42-43, 62, 65-69, 77, 84-85, 140, 163, 166, 182, 194

Pisa, 111

plague, 12, 14, 39, 43-44, 50, 62, 66, 73, 80, 87, 89, 90-93, 95-96, 101-2, 119, 125, 137-38, 173, 185, 187, 189, 191, 203

Plegamans, family, 49, 52, 77, 155; Ramon de, 9, 52, 77, 155

Poblet, monastery of, 42, 66

poor, the, 2-4, 7-9, 14, 127-28, 141-42, 153, 156; advocates of, 3, 151; ordinary vs. extraordinary, 14-18, 142; worthy vs. unworthy, xii-xiii, 4-6, 26, 65, 126, 133, 136, 139, 141-42, 152, 203

poor of Christ, 2, 4-5, 31, 102, 133, 151-54, 157

poor clerics, 1, 37, 39, 42, 45, 64, 132, 166

Portugal, 29, 69, 122

poverty, xiii, 1-6, 127, 150, 152

prostitutes, 6-7, 30, 103, 123-24, 127, 135, 141, 143, 152, 190-93, 200; reform of, 100-1, 193; segregation of, 5, 104-6, 109-10, 192-93

public defender, 3

Pullan, Brian, 6, 68, 108, 133, 152-53, 205

Puigcerdà, 92, 201

quarantine, 62, 75-76, 80, 98

Ramon Berenguer I (count of Barcelona), 31

Ramon Berenguer IV (count of Barcelona), 10, 43

Reus, 19, 43, 58, 63-64, 126, 130, 168, 174

Reyna, hospital of La (Valencia), 45, 57, 62, 94, 112, 130, 137, 143, 159, 170, 174, 176, 189, 196, 203

Roda, 39, 154

Roger I (king of Sicily), 93

Roger II (king of Sicily), 86, 183

Rome, 30

Roncesvalles, Order of, 29, 44, 54, 66, 173

Rosen, George, 136

Rubin, Miri, 131, 133-34, 153

Rubio Vela, Agustín, xiii, 48-49, 52, 64, 86, 98, 114, 122, 131, 135, 176

Ruiz, Juan, 25

sailors, 33

Saint Lazarus, Order of, 76, 179

Salamanca, 29, 112, 183

salaries, wages and professional fees, 11, 51, 53, 57, 92-94, 118, 170-71, 175, 181, 187-88

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Salerno, 183

Sanahuja, Pere, x, 15, 155, 166

Sant Macià, hospital of (Barcelona), 22, 32-33, 50, 60, 63-65, 67-68, 70, 94, 96, 112, 116, 160, 185, 189, 197-99, 203

Sant Guillem, hospital of (Valencia), 44, 137, 176

Sant Vicent, hospital of (Valencia), 44-45, 65, 112, 117, 169

Sant Llàtzer, hospital of (Barcelona), 22, 49, 50, 52-53, 56-57, 62, 70, 77-79, 81-83, 104, 134, 139-40, 161, 180-81

Sant Llàtzer, hospital of (Valencia), 51-52, 61-62, 81-82, 137, 169-70, 176, 180-81

Santa Eulàlia del Camp, monastery and hospital of (Barcelona), 34-35, 63, 70, 77, 104, 112

Santa Maria del Mar, parish of (Barcelona), 19, 21, 33, 101, 139-40, 158

Santa Maria del Pi, parish of (Barcelona), 19-21, 102, 138, 142, 158, 176, 189, 199

Santa Creu, hospital of (Barcelona), 49, 51-52, 57, 60-61, 65, 67-68, 70, 78, 86-87, 94-96, 100, 108-109, 112-13, 116-21, 127, 132, 135, 138, 140, 143, 176-77, 185, 188-89, 197, 199, 204; Ordinances of, 60-61, 67, 70-71, 95-97, 137, 170

Santes Creus, monastery of, 42

Santiago de Compostela, 28-29, 69

Sants Just i Pastor, parish of (Barcelona), 19, 21, 101, 158, 176

Saragossa, 29, 69, 86, 90, 102, 113, 201

Scandinavia, 178, 195

secularism, 49, 53, 127, 131-33, 135-36, 142-43, 169, 203

Seville, 29, 69, 77, 86

Shahar, Shulamith, x, 194

Sicily, 86, 93, 110

Siena, 102, 111, 177, 191

sisters, 54, 58-60, 79, 120, 171-73, 186, 202

Sitges, 35

slaves, 68, 101, 108-9, 111, 113-14, 117-18, 122, 139, 141, 180, 194, 197, 199-200

Solsona, 37-38, 48, 169

Somport, 56

Soria, 151, 195

students, 16-17, 32, 57, 67, 112, 157, 165, 196

surgeons, 86-93, 97, 183-87; of the poor, 92

Tables of the Poor, 158

Tarragona, xi, 13, 41-42, 69, 126-30, 135, 177, 198, 201

Tàrrega, 80, 84, 129, 171

Templars, 40-41

Terrassa, 35

Teruel, 87

Toledo, 23, 69, 143, 160-62

Torroja, Guillem de (bishop of Barcelona), 77

Tortosa, xi, 13, 43, 90, 92, 94, 126, 128, 156, 168, 201

Toulouse, 29, 40, 69, 77, 82, 87, 90, 167, 170, 174, 179, 183-84, 192-93

Trexler, Richard, 119

Trinitarians, 3, 35, 40-41, 44, 54, 112, 137, 167, 171

Urban II (pope), 8, 128

Urgell, Seu d', 101, 126-28, 132, 138, 191, 201; hospitals of, 30, 36-38, 53, 62, 67, 69, 130, 135, 166, 177, 204; lepers in, 79, 181; Pia Almoina, 11-12, 15-16, 18, 22, 27, 140

vagrants, 4-7, 17, 32, 39, 65-67, 72, 75, 109, 131, 136, 140, 152, 201

Valencia, city, 49, 62, 80, 88-91, 100, 102-5, 113, 115, 121-23, 127, 129, 131, 136, 141, 151, 155-56, 185, 188, 190-92; hospitals of, 29, 33, 44-45, 52, 55, 65-67, 69, 85-86, 112, 114, 130, 137, 166, 168-69, 187, 196, 203; lepers in, 52, 81, 170; town council, 49, 52, 55, 88, 104-5, 130, 137, 161, 169-70, 196, 202

Valencia, kingdom of, xi, 19, 44-45, 67, 85, 87-88, 91, 93, 99, 104, 120, 169, 187

Valladolid, 29, 112, 157, 166, 187, 201

vegetables, 25, 162

Venice, 90, 133, 152, 159, 184, 186, 203-4

Vic, xi, 5, 13, 19, 30, 38-39, 58, 62, 79, 101, 112, 126-27, 129-30, 201

Vilafranca del Penedès, 35, 80, 201

Vilanova, Arnau de, 25, 55, 75, 85

Vinyoles, Teresa-María, 101, 114, 141, 190

welfare, 22, 127, 134, 136, 142-43, 153, 120; theories of, xii, 6-7, 142, 154, 203

wet nurses, 56-57, 68, 94, 108-9, 117-20, 122, 197-99

widows, 4, 7, 16, 20, 100, 106, 109, 115, 122, 151, 159, 172, 189-90, 200

[229]
wills, 4-6, 13-14, 19, 21, 61, 79, 101, 132, 137-39, 158, 166-67, 173, 181, 190-91, 202-3

wine, 22-23, 79, 161

women, 2, 20-21, 26, 59-63, 65, 67, 70-71, 82, 91-92, 94-96, 100-6, 108-9, 113-15, 119, 123-24, 132, 159, 168, 170, 174, 185-86, 188-89, 198

Xàtiva, 45, 91

Ximénez de Rada, Rodrigo, 5, 153, 175

York (England), 26, 55, 59, 62, 65, 76, 131, 155-56, 161, 172-75, 186

Zamora, 112, 143, 151