[ix] The Tinker Foundation of New York City provided a two-year fellowship for a broader study of which this is a part.

I am grateful to the following persons for reading and commenting on some or all of the manuscript: J. Arrom, S. Arrom, L. W. Bonbrake, P. Brown, R. Burns, R. Christian, W. Christian, G. Filion, C. Gibson, J. Gimeno, S. Harding, T. Kaplan, J. Lang, M. O'Neil, G. Ringel, S. Sharbrough, J. Sobre, K. Stewart, and C. Tilly.

I am grateful to a number of other persons for facilitating my research or suggesting ideas: Q. Aldea, M. Arnau i Guerola, C. Baraut, G. Calvo Moralejo, J. Dittes, W. Fackovec, J. Fort i Gaudí, B. Friedmann, I. Gallego Peñalver, M. A. García, M. Jiménez Monteserín, T. Koehler, M. Kross, C. Lisón Tolosana, E. Luque Baena, T. Marín, F. Márquez Villanueva, D. Martínez, D. Pérez Ramírez, C. Staehlin, B. Storchovsky, G. Todini, and M. B. Young; the parish priests of Albalate de Zorita, Griñón, Escalona, Jaén (San Ildefonso), Navalagamella, Navas de San Antonio, and Valverde del Majano; the Franciscan community of Santa Maria de la Cruz, Cubas; and the Instituto Enrique Flórez de Historia Eclesiástica of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid.

Illustrations were provided by Archivo Mas of Barcelona, Cristina García Rodero, and the Marian Library of the University of Dayton, Ohio.