THE LIBRARY OF IBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE

Consulate of the Sea and Related Documents

Stanley S. Jados

Appendix A

    The following list of Emperors, Popes, Caliphs, and the genealogical charts of the leading ruling houses in the epoch of development, compilation, adoption, and enforcement of the laws embodied within The Consulate of the Sea, are included for quick reference. Many of these personages, lay as well as religious, directly or indirectly, played an important role in the introduction and formalization of these statutes.
 


ROMAN EMPERORS:EAST AND WEST

Constantine I, the Great (Flavius Valerius Constantinus) 311 (306)-337
Constantine II (Flavius Valerius Claudius Constantinus) 337-340
Constans (Flavius Valerius Julius Constans) 337-350
Constantius II (Flavius Valerius Julius Constantius) 337-361
Julian, the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus) 361-363
Jovian (Flavius Jovianus) 363-364
Valentinian I (Flavius Valentinianus, in the West) 364-375
Valens (in the East) 364-378
Gratian (Flavius Gratianus Augustus, in the West) 375(367)-383
Valentinian II (Flavius Valentinianus, in the West) 375-392
Maximus (Magnus Clemens Maximus) 383-388
Theodosius, the Great (Flavius Theodosius, in the East, and after 392, in the West) 379-395
Eugenius, 392-394
Arcadius (in the East) 395(383)-408
Honorius (Flavius Honorius, in the West) 395(393)-423
Theodosius II (in the East) 408(402)-450
Valentinian III (Flavius Placidius Valentinianus, in the West) 425-454
Marcian (Marcianus, in the East) 450-457
Petronius (Flavius Ancius Petronius Maximus, in the West) 455
Avitus (Flavius Maecillius Eparchus Avitus, in the West) 455-457
Majorian (Julius Valerius Maioranus, in the West) 457-461
Leo I (Leo Thrax, Magnus, in the East) 457-474
Severus (Libius Severianus Severus, in the West) 461-465
Anthemius (Procopius Anthemius, in the West) 467-472
Olybrius (Anicius Olybrium, in the West) 472
Glycerius (in the West) 473-474
Leo II (in the East) 473-474
Julius Nepos (in the West) 473-475
Romulus Augustulus (Flavius Momyllus Romulus Augustus, in the West) 475-476
Zeno (in the East) 474-491

BYZANTINE EMPERORS

Zeno, 474-491
Anastasius I, 491-518
Justin I (Flavius Justinus) 518-527
Justinian the Great (Flavius Justinianus) 527(518)-565
Justin II (Flavius Justinus) 565-578
Tiberius (Flavius Constantinus Tiberius) 578(574)-582
Maurice (Mauritius) 582-6
Phocas I, 602-610
Heraclius I, 610-641
Constantine III (Constantinus) 641
Heracleon (Heracleonas) 641
Constans II, 641-668
Constantine IV (Pogonatus) 668-685
Justinian II (Phinotmetus) 685-695 and 705-711
Leontius II, 695-698
Tiberius III (Apsimar) 698-705
Philippicus, 711-713
Anastasius II, 713-715
Theodosius III, 715-717
Leo III (the Isaurian) 717-741
Constantine V (Kopronymus) 741-775
Leo IV, 775-780
Constantine VI (Porphyrogenetus) 780-797
Irene (empress) 797-802
Nicephorus I, 802-811
Stauracius (Staurakius) 811
Michael I, (Rhangebe) 811-813
Leo V (the Armenian) 813-820
Michael II (Balbus) 820-829
Theophilus I, 829(820)-842
Michael III, 842-867
Bardas, 842-866
Theophilus II, 867
Basil I (the Macedonian) 867(866)-886
Leo IV (the Wise) 886-912
Alexander III, 912-913
Constantine VII (Porphyrogenetus) 913-959
Romanus I (Lecapenus) 919-944
Romanus II, 959-963
Basil II (Bulgaroctonus) 963(976)-1025
Nicephorus II (Phocas) 963-969
John I (Tzimisces) 969-979
Constantine VIII, 1025(976)-l028
Zoë (empress) 1028-1050
Romanus III (Argyropolus) l028-1034
Michael IV (the Paphlagonian) 1034-1041
Michael V (Kalaphates) 1041-1042
Constantine IV (Monomachus) 1042-1054
Theodora (empress) 1054-1056
Michael VI (Stratioticus) 1056-1057
Isaac I (Commenus) 1057-1059
Constantine X (Dukas) 1059-1067
Andronicus, 1067
Constantine XI, 1067
Romanus IV (Diogenes) 1067-1071
Michael VII (Parapinakes) 1071-1078
Nicephorus III (Botaniates) 1078-1081
Alexius I (Commenus) 1081-1118
John II (Calus) 1118-1143
Manuel I, 1143-1180
Alexius II, 1180-1183
Andronicus I, 1182-1185
Isaac II (Angelus-Cornmenus) 1185-1195
Alexius III (Angelus) 1195-1203
Isaac II (restored) 1203-1204
Alexius IV, 1203-1204
Alexius V (Dukas) 1204

Latin Emperors

Baldwin I, 1204-1205
Henry, 1205-1216
Peter de Courtenay, 1216-1217
Robert de Courtenay, 1218-1228
Baldwin II, 1228-1261

Nicaean Emperors

Theodore I (Lascaris) 1206-1222
John Dukas Vatatzes, 1222-1254
Theodore II (Lascaris) 1254-1259
John IV (Lascaris) 1258-1261
Michael VIII (Paleologus) 1259-1261 (1282) (1)
 


THE CALIPHS

Mohammed, 622(570)632
 


The Orthodox Caliphate

Omar, 634-644
Ali 656-661
Abu Bakr 632-634
Othman, 644-656

The Qnayyad Caliphate


Mo'awiya I, 661-680 Yazid I, 680-682
Mo'awiya II, 683 Abdalmahik, 685-705
Marwan I, 684-685 Wahid I, 705-715
Sulayman, 715-717 Omar ibn Abdul-Aziz, 717-7 20
Yazid II, 720-724 Hisham, 724-743
Walid II, 743-744 Yazid III, 744
Marwan II, 744-750

The Abbasid Caliphate

Abu-l-Abbas al-Saffah,750-754 Al-Mansur, 754-775
Al-Mahdi, 775-785 Al-Hadi, 785-786
Harum-Al-Rashid, 786- 809 Al-Amin, 809-813
Al-Ma'mun (the Great) 813-833 Al-Mu' tasim, 833-842
Al-Wathig, 842-847 Al-Mutawakkil, 847-861
Al-Muntasir, 861-862 Al-Musta'in, 862-866
Al-Mu'tazz, 866-869 Al-Muqtadi, 869-870
Al-Mu'tamid, 870-892 Al-Mu'tadid, 892-902
Al-Muqtafi, 902-908 Al-Muqtadir, 908-932
Al-Qahir, 932-934 Al-Radi, 934-940
Al-Muttaqi, 940-944 Al-Mustaqfi, 944-946
Al-Muti, 946-974 Al-Ta'i, 974-991
Al-Qadir, 991-1031 Al-Qa'im, 1031-1075
Ah-Muqtadi, 1075-1094 Al-Mustazhir, 1094-1118
Al-Mustarshid, 1118-1135 Al-Rashid, 1135-1136
Al-Muqtafi, 1136-1160 Al-Mustanjid, 1160-1170
Al-Mustadi, 1170-1180 Al-Nasir, 1180-1225
Al-Zahir, 1225-1226 Al-Mustansir, 1226-1242
Al-Musta'sim, 1242-1256

ROMAN POPES

Boniface V, 619-625 Honorius I, 625-638
Severinus, 638-640 John IV, 640-642
Theodore I, 642-649 Martin I, 649-655
Eugene I, 655-657 Vitahian, 657-672
Adeodatus, 672-676 Donus, 676-678
Agatho, 678-681 Leo II, 682-683
Benedict II, 684-685 John V, 685-686
Conon, 686-687 Theodore II, 687
Paschal I, 687-692 Sergius I, 687-701
John VI, 701-705 John VII, 705-707
Sisinnius, 708 Constantine, 708-715
Gregory II, 713-731 Gregory III, 731-741
Zacharias, 741-752 Stephen II, 752
Stephen II(III), 752-757 Paul I, 757-767
Constantine, 767-768 Philip, 768
Stephen III(IV), 768-772 Adrian I, 772-795
Leo III, 795-816 Stephen IV(V), 816-817
Paschal I, 817-824 Eugene II, 824-827
Valentine, 827 Gregory IV, 827-844
John VIII, 844 Sergius II, 844-847
Leo IV, 847-855 Benedict III, 855-858
Anastasius III, 855 John IX, 855-857
Nicholas I, 858-867 Adrian II, 867-872
John VIII, 872-882 Martin II, 882-884
Adrian III, 884-885 Stephen V(VI), 885-891
Formosus, 891-896 Boniface VI, 896
Stephen VI (VII), 896-897 Romanus, 897
Theodore II, 897 John IX, 898-900
Benedict IV, 900-903 Leo V, 903
Christopher, 903-904 Sergius III, 904-911
Anastasius III, (IV) ,911-913 Lando, 913-914
John X, 914-928 Leo VI, 928
Stephen VII(VIII), 928-931 John XI, 931-936
Leo VII, 936-939 Stephen VIII(IX), 939-942
Martin III, 942-946 Agapetus, 946-955
John XII, 955-963 Leo VIII, 963-965
Benedict V, 965 John XIII, 965-972
Benedict VI, 973-974 Boniface VII, 974
Benedict VII, 974-983 John XIV, 983-984
Boniface VII, 984-985 John XV, 985-996
Gregory V, 996-999 John XVI, 997-998
Sylvester II, 999-1003 John XVII, 1003
John XVIII, 1003-1009 Sergius IV, 1009-1012
Benedict VIII, 1012-1024 Gregory VI, 1012
John XIX, 1024-1032 Benedict IX, 1032-1045
Sylvester III, 1045 Gregory VI, 1045-1046
Clement II, 1046-1047 Benedict IX, 1047-1048
Damasus II, 1048 Leo IX, 1049-1054
Victor II, 1055-1057 Stephen IX(X), 1057-1058
Benedict X, 1058-1059 Nicholas II, 1059-1061
Alexander II, 1061-1073 Honorius II, 1061-1064
Gregory VII, 1073-1085 Clement III, 1084-1100
Victor III, 1087 Urban II, 1088-1099
Paschal II, 1099-1118 Sylvester IV, 1105-1111
Theodoric, 1100-1102 Albert, 1102
Gelasius, 1118-1119 Gregory VIII, 1118-1121
Calixtus II, 1119-1124 Honorius II, 1124-1130
Celestine II, 1124 Innocent II, 1130-1143
Anacletus II, 1130-1138 Victor IV, 1138
Celestine II, 1143-1144 Lucius II, 1144-1145
Eugene II, 1145-1153 Anastasius IV, 1153-1154
Adrian IV, 1154-1159 Alexander III, 1159-1181
Victor IV, 1159-1164 Paschal III, 1164-1168
Cahixtus III, 1168-1178 Innocent III, 1179-1180
Lucius III, 1181-1185 Urban III, 1185-1187
Gregory VIII, 1187 Clement III, 1187-1191
Celestine III, 1191-1198 Innocent III, 1198-1216
Honorius III, 1116-1227 Gregory IX, 1227-1241
Celestine IV, 1241 Innocent IV, 1243-1254
Alexander IV, 1254-1261 Urban IV, 1261-1264
Clement IV, 1265-1268 Gregory X, 1271-1276
Innocent V, 1276 Adrian V, 1276
John XXI, 1276-1277 Nicholas III, 1277-1280
Martin IV, 1281-1285 Honorius IV, 1285-1287
Nicholas IV, 1288-1292 Celestine V, 1294
Boniface VIII, 1294-1303 Benedict IX, 1303-1304
Clement V, 1305-1314 John XXII, 1316-1334
Nicholas V, 1328-1330 Benedict XII, 1334-1342
Clement VI, 1342-1352 Innocent VI, 1352-1362
Urban V, 1362-1370 Gregory XI, 1370-1378
Urban VI, 1378-1389 Clement VII, 1378-1394
Boniface IX, 1389-1404 Benedict XIII, 1394-1424
Innocent VII, 1404-1406 Gregory XII, 1406-1415
Alexander V, 1409-1410 John XXIII, 1410-1415
Martin V, 1417-1431 Clement VIII, 1424-1429
Benedict XIV, 1424 Eugene IV, 1431-1447
Felix V, 1439-1449 Nicholas V, 1447-1455
Cahixtus III, 1455-1458 Pius II, 1458-1464
Paul II, 1464-1471 Sixtus IV, 1471-1484
Innocent VIII, 1484-1492 Alexander VI, 1492-1503
Pius III, 1503 Julius II, 1503-1513
Leo X, 1513-1521 Adrian VI, 1522-1523
Clement VII, 1523-1534 Paul III, 1534-1549
Julius III, 1550-1555 Marcellus II, 1555
Paul IV, 1555-1559 Pius IV, 1559-1565
Pius V, 1566-1572 Gregory XIII, 1572-1585
Sixtus V, 1585-1590 Urban VII, 1590
Gregory XIV, 1590-1591 Innocent IX, 1591
Clement VIII, 1592-1605 Leo IX, 1605

HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS

Charlemagne, 800-814
Louis I (the Pious) 814-840
Lothar I, 840-855
Louis II (in Italy) 855-875
Charles II, the Bald (West Frankish) 875-877
Charles III, the Fat (East Frankish) 877-887 (crowned 881)
Vacant, Struggle between Guido of Spoleto and Berangar of Friuli, 887-891
Guido (in Italy), 891-894
Lainbert (co-emperor with Guido) 892-899
Arnulf, 896-901 (crowned by Pope Formosus)
Louis III (of Provence) 901-905(928)
Berengar, 905 (915)-924
Hugh of Provence, 926-945
Berengar, 952-962
Henry I (the Fowler, Saxon) 918-936
Otto II, 973-983
Henry II, the Saint (Bavarian) l002(l0l4)-1024
 


Italian Line

Rudolph of Burgundy, 924-926
Lothar III, 945-950

German Line

Conrad I (Franconian) 911-918
Otto, the Great, 936(962)-973
Otto III, 983(996)-l002
Conrad II, the Sahian (Franconian) 1024 (1027) -1039
Henry III, the Black, 1039-1056
Henry IV, l056(1084)-l106
Rudolph of Swabia, 1077-1080
Hermann of Luxemburg, 1081-1093
Conrad of Franconia, 1093-1101
Henry V, 1106(1111)-1125
Lothar II (Saxon) 1125(1133)-1137
Conrad III (Swabian) 1138-1152
Frederick I, Barbarossa, 1l52(1155)-1190
Henry VI, 1190(1191)-1197
Philip II (Swabian)1l98-l208
Otto IV (Brunswick) 1198-1212
Frederick II, 1212(1220)-1250
Henry Raspe, 1246-1247
William of Holland, 1247-1256
Conrad IV, 1250-1254
The Great Interregnum, 1254-1273
Alfonso X of Castile, 1257-1272
Richard of Cornwall, 1257-1273
Rudolph I (Hapsburg) 1273-1291
Adolf I, of Nassau, 1292-1298
Albert I (Hapsburg) 1298-1308
Henry VII (Luxemburg) l308(1312)-l313
Louis IV (Bavaria) 1314-1347
Frederick of Hapsburg, 1325-1330
Güinther of Schwarzburg, 1347-1349
Charles IV (Luxeinburg) 1347-1378
Wenzel (Luxernburg) 1378-1400
Rupert (Palatinate) 1400-1410
Sigismund (Luxemburg) 1410-1437
Jobst of Moravia, 1410-1441
Albert II (Hapsburg) 1438-1439
Frederick III, 1440-1493
Maximilian I, 1493-1519
Charles V, 1519-1556
Ferdinand I, 1558-1564
Maximilian II, 1564-1576
Rudolf II, 1576-1612
Matthias, 1612-1619
Ferdinand II, 1619-1637
Ferdinand III, 1637-1657
Leopold I, 1658-1705
Joseph I, 1705-1711
Charles VI, 1711-1740
Charles VII (Bavaria) 1742-1745
Francis I (Lorraine) 1745-1765
Joseph II, 1765-1790
Leopold II, 1790-1792
Francis II, 1792-1806

Note for Appendix A

1. The rest of the Palaeologi kings on chart p. 318