BOOK III--JURISDICTION.

CHAPTER I--HERESY.

Importance attached to Unity of Belief ....... 1
Popular Abhorrence of Heresy .......... 2
Limitations of Inquisitorial Jurisdiction ....... 3
Classification of Heresy--Heresy both a sin and a crime . . 4
Original Episcopal Jurisdiction ......... 5
The Inquisition obtains exclusive Jurisdiction ..... 6
Episcopal Concurrence--It is merely formal ...... 11
Jurisdiction over the Forum of Conscience ...... 19
The Question of Papal Indulgences ........ 24
Extension of Exclusive Jurisdiction ........ 26

The Regular Clergy claim exemption from the Inquisition . . 29
Fluctuations of the Struggle--the Inquisition triumphs ... 31
Resistance of the Jesuits--their Defeat ....... 33
Jurisdiction assumed in Quarrels between the Orders ... 37

Torquemada vainly seeks Jurisdiction over Bishops .... 41
Cases of Dávila of Segovia and Aranda of Calahorra ... 42
Case of Acuña of Zamora ........... 45
Jurisdiction conferred personally on Inquisitor-general Manrique 44
Case of Archbishop Carranza of Toledo ....... 45
Inquisitor-general Valdés falls into disfavor .... 46
Seeks to re-establish himself by prosecuting Carranza . . 48
Carranza's Orthodoxy--Melchor Cano ...... 49
Carranza's Commentaries on the Catechism .... 54
Royal and Papal Assent obtained for the Prosecution . . 56
Carranza's Arrest and Incarceration, Aug. 22,1559 . . 65
He recuses Valdés and two other Judges ...... 69
Procrastination--Trial begins July 30,1561 ..... 71
Continued Delays--Intervention of Council of Trent in 1563.. 73
Fruitless Efforts of Pius IV to expedite the trial .... 75
Pius V evokes the Case to Rome ........ 77
Carranza reaches Rome May 28,1567--Trial recommenced 79
Gregory XIII recommences the Trial in 1572 .... 81
Sentence rendered April 24,1576 ........ 82
Carranza's Death, May 2d--Estimates of him .... 84
Jurisdiction claimed over Bishops ......... 87
Cases of Toro of Oviedo and Queipo of Mechoacan .... 88

Its Effectiveness in stimulating Denunciations ..... 91
Its comprehensive Details ........... 93
Its Anathema .............. 95
Popular Training in Delation .......... 99

Supremacy of Papal Jurisdiction .......... 103
Conversos purchase Letters of Pardon from the Holy See . . 104
Ferdinand and the Inquisition disregard them ..... 105
Papal Pardons claimed to be good in the Judicial Forum . . 107
Struggle between Spain and Rome--Pardons sold and revoked . 108
Citation to Rome of Inquisitorial Officials ...... 118
Tergiversations of the Curia .......... 120
Charles V carries on the Struggle ......... 123
He obtains exclusive Appellate Jurisdiction for the Inquisitor-general .............. 126
But the Curia still entertains Appeals ........ 128
Friction continued under Philip II and Philip III . . . . 129
Philip IV enforces surrender of papal letters ...... 132
Case of Gerónimo de Villanueva .... . . . . . 133
His connection with the Convent of San Placido . . . 134
He obtains an Acquittal from the Inquisition in 1632 . . 136
Arce y Reynoso reopens the Case in 1643 ..... 138
Villanueva's Sentence--His Appeal to Rome entertained . 143
Persistent Resistance of Philip IV ....... 146
Copies of the Papers sent to Rome in 1651 . . . . . 154
Efforts to have them returned continued until 1660 . . . 157
Appeals to Rome forbidden under the Bourbons , . , , 159

CHAPTER I--THE INQUISITOR-GENERAL AND SUPREME COUNCIL.

Commissions of Officials expire with the Inquisitor-general . . 161
Suprema,at first merely ,a Consultative Body, ...,.,. . . 162
Rapid Increase of its Functions ........... . . 164
It becomes the ruling Power . ........... . . . 167
Its struggle with Inquisitor-general Mendoza in the Case of Froilan Diaz ............ 169
Mendoza removes the opposing Members ..... 174
Philip V decides in favor of the Suprema and of Froilan Diaz 177
The Suprema reduces the Tribunals to Subordination . . . 179
It gradually intervenes in Sentences and Trials ..... 181
It requires monthly Reports of current Business ..... 183
Centralization becomes complete--The Tribunals are merely ministerial ............. 185
Appellate Jurisdiction of Inquisitor-general and Suprema . . 187
Control over all Details of the Tribunals ....... 189
Control over the. Finances ........... 190
Salaries and Perquisites of the Suprema ....... 194
Its Enjoyment of Bull-fights .......... 198
Its Revenues and Expenses ........... 200

Gradual Delimitation into Districts ........ 205
Organization of the Tribunal--Multiplication of Officials . . 208
Vain efforts to restrict the Number ........ 211
Sale of Office's . . . . . . . . . . 212
Census of Officials in 1746.......... 216
Hereditary Transmission of Office .. . . . . . . . 218
Tenderness shown to official Malfeasance and its Results . . 223
Visitations or Inspections of the Tribunals. ...... 227
The Palace or Building of the Tribunal ....... 230
The Personnel of the Tribunal--The Assessor ..... 232
The Inquisitors--Their Qualifications ...... 233
Their Duty of visiting their Districts ..... 238
The Promotor Fiscal or Prosecutor ....... 241
The Notaries or Secretaries ......... 243
The Alguazil ............. 245
The Nuncio, Portero and Gaoler ........ 246
The Physician, Surgeon and Steward . . . . . . . 248
Financial Officials ............ 250
Salaries and Ayudas de Costa .......... 251
The Records ............... 255

Calificadores or Censors ........... 263
Consultors ............... 266
Commissioners .............. 268
Familiars ............... 272
Their excessive Numbers and Turbulence ..... 274
Qualifications prescribed .......... 279
Organization of officials--Hermandad de San Pedro Mártir . 282
Fernando VII makes it an Order of Knighthood . . . 283

Origin of Limpieza or Purity of Blood ........ 285
Distinction between Old and New Christians ...... 286
The Religious Orders seek to exclude New Christians . . . 287
New Christians excluded from Colleges ....... 289
The Church of Toledo adopts a Statute of Limpieza .... 290
Limpieza enforced in the Observantine Franciscans .... 293
It becomes a Prerequisite in the Inquisition . . . . . . 294
Verification of Limpieza ........... 295
Number of Generations required--Penitents of the Inquisition . 297
Character of Investigation--It is a Source of Revenue . . . 300
Perjury and Subornation ........... 304
Futile Effort of Philip IV to diminish the Evils of Limpieza . . 307
Unfortunate Effects of the Proscription ....... 308
It increases the Terror of the Inquisition ....... 310
Rigidity relaxed under the Restoration ....... 311
Remains of Prejudice in Majorca ......... 312

CHAPTER I--CONFISCATION.

Necessity of Confiscation to support the Inquisition .... 315
Confiscation borrowed from the imperial Jurisprudence . . . 316
Responsibility for it ............. 317
Claims of the Church in Cases of Clerics ....... 318
Division made with feudal Lords ......... 319
Enforced on all reconciled or condemned Heretics .... 320
Methods to prevent Evasion .......... 321
Commissions paid to Informers ......... 323
Rapacious Practice of the Old Inquisition ...... 325
The Question of Alienations and Creditors ...... 326
The Question of Dowries ............ 332
The Question of Conquests ........... 334
Thoroughness of Confiscation--Provision for Children . . . 335
Alienations subsequent to Commission of Heresy .... 339
Slaves of Confiscated Estates .......... 339
Rigorous Collection of Debts .......... 340
Routine of Business--Responsibility of Receivers .... 341
Hardships inflicted by Confiscation ........ 343
Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Inquisition ....... 349
Compositions for Confiscation .......... 352
Losses and Dilapidation ....... . . . 363
Productiveness .............. 367
Becomes Obsolete in the Eighteenth Century ...... 370
Disposition made of the Proceeds ......... 371
Lavish Grants to Favorites ......... 372
Ferdinand's Kindliness .......... 378
Reckless Grants by Charles V ........ 380
Influence of Confiscation ........... 386

Pecuniary Penance ............. 389
Distinguished from Confiscation ......... 391
Sometimes substituted for Confiscation ....... 394
Its Productiveness . . . . . . . . . ... . . 396
Fines as Punishment . . . . . . . , . . . . 389

Rehabilitation from Disabilities ......... 401
Struggle between the Crown, the Inquisition and the Papacy . 403
Sale of Commutation of Punishments ....... 408

Officials provided with.Benefices . . . . . . . . . 415
Quinquennial Dispensations from Residence ...... 416
Patronage granted to the Sovereigns ........ 416
Opposition of Cathedral Chapters ......... 417
Doctoral and Magistral Canonries ........ 421
Grant of a Canonry in each Church, in 1559 ...... 423
Fruitless Resistance of the Churches ....... 428
Productiveness ............. 431

Failure to provide permanent Funds ........ 433
Improvidence--Complaints of Poverty ........ 435
Power of Recuperation ............ 439
Deficiency of Revenue in the Eighteenth Century .... 441
Financial Organization--The Receiver ....... 445
Detailed Accounts required--Neglect to render them . . . 447
The Coffer with three Keys--Its Ineffectiveness ..... 450
The Junta de Hacienda ........... 453
Defalcations ............... 454

CHAPTER I--THE EDICT OF GRACE.

Nature of the Edict of Grace . . . . . . . . . . 457
Confession under the Edict ........... 459
Its Utility to the Inquisition .......... 460
Revived in l815 .............. 463

The Inquisitorial Process in secular Procedure ..... 465
Laxity in the Spiritual Courts ... ... . . . . 469
Rigid Secrecy in the Inquisition ......... 470
Its Importance ............. 476
The Fiscal as Party to the Case ......... 478
The Inquisitorial Ideal ............ 482

Duty of Denunciation ............ 485
Preliminaries to Arrest ............ 486
Their Disregard ............... 491
Segregation of the Prisoner ........... 493
Immediate Sequestration of Property ........ 495
Provision for Families ..... . . . . . . . 499
The Secrestador .............. 501
Embargo ............... 503

Grades of Imprisonment ........... 507
Character of the Secret Prison .......... 509
Terror inspired by Imprisonment ......... 511
The Chaining of Prisoners ........... 511
Escape from Prison ............. 513
Deprivation of all outside Intercourse ........ 513
Restrictions on writing Materials ......... 517
Prison Regulations ............. 518
Deprivation of the Sacraments .......... 520
Treatment of the Sick ............ 522
Care of Female Prisoners ........... 523
Humane Instructions--not always obeyed. ...... 524
Expenses of Maintenance--Rations ........ 528
Collection of Costs ............. 533

CHAPTER V--EVIDENCE.

The Judge assumed to weigh the Character of Evidence . . . 535
No Qualifications required in Witnesses for the Prosecution . . 536
Strict Qualifications for Witnesses for the Defence .... 539
Witnesses forced to testify ............ 540
Examination of Witnesses ........... 541
Control over Evidence for the Defence ....... 543
Ratification of Evidence ........... 544
Suppression of Witnesses' Names ......... 548
False-witness .............. 554
Character of Evidence admitted ......... 563
Negative Evidence ............. 567

Duty of Saving Souls ............ 569
Urgency to induce Confession .......... 570
Spontaneous Confession, its Frequency ....... 571
Confession must be complete--The Diminuto ..... 573
Denial of Intention ............. 576
Denunciation of Accomplices ........... 577
Time of Confession ............. 580
Revocation of Confession ........... 582
Denial of Guilt--The Negativo ......... 585

APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS ........... 587

NOTE: Material in this volume may be cited with reference to URL or to the pagination of the original 1922 print edition. Page numbers are referenced in the Table of Contents and are inserted into the text in boldface, set off by brackets, as in [87].