BOOK VI--PRACTICE (continued).

Chapter VII--Torture.
General Use of Torture in Secular Courts ....... 1
The Inquisition not exceptionally cruel ........ 2
More moderate than the Roman Holy Office ..... 3
Formal Preliminaries to prevent its Abuse ....... 4
The Threat of Torture............. 6
Conditions justifying torture ........... 7
Torture of Witnesses--Torture in caput alienum ..... 11
No exemptions admitted ............ 13
Limitations of Torture ............ 14
The Administration of Torture .......... 16
Varieties of Torture ............. 18
Severity of Torture ............. 22
Record of Administration ........... 24
Confession under Torture must be ratified ....... 27
Repetition of Torture ............. 28
Endurance without Confession .......... 30
Frequency of Use of Torture ........... 33
Fees of the Torturer ............. 35

Chapter VIII--The Trial.

Gradual development of Procedure ......... 36
The Audience--The Three Monitions ........ 37
The Charges Withheld ............ 39
The Accusation .............. 41
The Advocate for the Defence--His Function ...... 42
The Curador for Minors ............ 50
The Patrones Teólogos ............ 51
Publication of Evidence ............ 53
The Defence--Recusation of Judges ........ 56
    Insanity ................ 58
    Tachas and Abanos ............ 63
    Evidence for the Defence . . . . . . . . . .64
    The Argument of the Advocate ........ 69
Examination of the Accused ........... 70
The Consulta de Fe ............. 71
Delays ................. 75
Prosecution of the Dead ............ 81
    of the Absent .............. 86

BOOK VII--PUNISHMENT.

Chapter I--The Sentence.

The two Forms of Sentence ........... 93
The Culprit kept in Ignorance .......... 94
Appeals ................. 95
Modification of Sentence ............ 97
Severity or Benignity ............. 99
Enforcement of the Sentence .......... 101
Acquittal ................ 105
Suspension ................. 108
Admission to Bail .............. 111
Compurgation or Wager of Law .......... 113
    Used by the Inquisition in Doubtful Cases . . . . .114
    Formula of Procedure ........... 117

Chapter II--Minor Penalties.

Reprimand ................ 121
Abjuration ................ 123
Exile ................. 126
Razing Houses ............... 128
Spiritual Penances ............... 131
Unusual Penalties .............. 132
 

Chapter III--Harsher Penalties.

Chapter IV--The Stake.

Burning for heresy in the Public Law of Europe . . . . .183
Responsibility of the Church ........... 184
Conversion before or after Sentence--Strangling before Burning 190
Conditions entailing relaxation--Pertinacity ...... 195
    Denial--the Negativo ............ 198
    Partial confession--the Diminuto ........ 199
    The Dogmatizer or Heresiarch ......... 200
    Relapse ............... 202
Disappearance of relaxation ........... 208

Chapter V--The Auto de fe.

Impressiveness of the Auto Publico General ...... 209
    Preparations and Celebration ......... 213
The Auto Particular or Autillo .......... 220
    It Replaces the General Public Auto . . . . . . 221
    Celebration in Churches ........... 224
The Auto de fe as a spectacular Entertainment ..... 227
 

BOOK VIII--SPHERES OF ACTION.

Chapter I--Jews.
Neglect of Instruction of coerced Converts . . . . . . . 231
Slenderness of Proof required for Prosecution ...... 232
Gradual Disappearance of Judaism ......... 234
Influx of Portuguese Judaizers after the Conquest of Portugal . 237
Portugal--Treatment of Jewish Refugees ....... 237
    João III resolves to introduce the Inquisition . . . . 238
    Struggle in Rome between João and the New Christians . 239
    João obtains an unrestricted Inquisition ...... 253
    Activity of the Inquisition .......... 259
    Tribunal established in Goa but not in Brazil..... 261
    Organization of the Portuguese Inquisition ..... 262
    Cases of George Buchanan and Damião de Goes .... 263
    Increased activity after the Spanish Conquest .... 265
    The General Pardon of 1604. ......... 267
    The Portuguese New Christians in Spain ...... 270
    Active Persecution in Portugal ......... 273
    Discussions as to Expulsion ......... 275
    Rebellion of 1640--João IV favors the New Christians . . 280
    Padre Antonio Vieira S. J. appeals for them to Rome . . 284
    Innocent XI orders Modifications of Procedure . . . . 289
Unabated Prejudice in Spain--Olivares opposes the Inquisition 290
Dread of Jewish Propaganda--Case of Lope de Vera . . . 293
Persistent Persecution of Portuguese ........ 296
Gradual Obsolescence of Jewish Observances ...... 300
Restriction of Emigration or Expulsion ....... 303
Catastrophe of Majorca ............ 305
Recrudescence of Persecution after the War of Succession . . 308
Extinction of Judaism in Spain . . . .. . . . . . 311
Exclusion of Foreign Jews ........... 311
Readmission to Spain under Constitution of 1869 ..... 315

Chapter II--Moriscos.

Toleration of the Mudéjares--Capitulations of Granada . . . 317
Talavera and Ximenes in Granada ......... 319
Rising of the Moors--Enforced Conversion ...... 322
Isabella compels Conversion in Castile--Instruction neglected . 324
Persecution of the new Converts ......... 328
Situation in Granada ............. 331
    Oppressive Edict of Philip II in 1567 ....... 334
    Rebellion of the Moriscos .......... 338
    They are deported and scattered--their Prosperity . . . 339
The Moors under the Crown of Aragon ........ 342
Valencia--Coercive Baptism by the Germanía ..... 346
    Investigation as to its Extent and Character ..... 348
    Decision to enforce Adhesion to the Faith...... 351
Charles V gives all Moors the Alternative of Exile or Baptism-- they submit ............. 352
The Concordia of 1528 grants them Exemption from the Inquisition . ........... 357
The Inquisition disregards the Agreement . . . . . . . 358
Fines substituted for Confiscation ......... 360
Activity of the Inquisition--Case of Don Cosme Abenamir . . 362
Futile Efforts at Instruction and Conversion ...... 365
Edicts of Grace--their Failure .......... 371
Intermittent Trials of Moderation ......... 373
Deplorable Condition of the Moriscos--Emigration forbidden . 375
Questions as to Baptism, Marriage, Slaughtering Meat . . . 380
Dangerous Discontent of the Moriscos ........ 382
Ravages of Moorish Corsairs on the Coast ....... 383
Plots with foreign Powers for a Rising ........ 384
Plans to avert the Danger--Expulsion resolved on .... 388
Its execution in Valencia, September, 1609 ...... 393
Expulsion from Granada and Andalusia in January, 1610 . . 398
    simultaneously from Castile ......... 399
    from Aragon and Catalonia in May, 1610 ...... 401
Final rooting out of the Moriscos antiguos ....... 403
Expulsion delayed in Murcia until January, 1614 ..... 404
Number and Fate of the Exiles .......... 406
Squandering of the Confiscations.......... 409

Chapter III--Protestantism.

Exaggeration of the Protestant Movement in Spain . . . .411
Pre-Reformation Freedom of Speech--Erasmus ..... 412
First Efforts of Repression, in 1521 ......... 413
The Enchiridion of Erasmus--Persecution of Erasmists--of Catholics .............. 414
Protestant Foreigners . . . . . . . . . . . . .421
Native Protestants ............. 423
Dr. Egidio and the Seville Protestants--the Protestant Propaganda ............... 424
The Protestants of Valladolid--General Alarm exploited by Valdés .............. 429
The Autos de fe of May 21, and October 8, 1559 ..... 437
Prosecutions in Seville--Autos of 1559, 1560, 1562, 1564 and 1565 ............... 442
Native Protestantism crushed--Dread of foreign Propaganda and Ideas ............. 448
Few scattering cases of native Protestants ....... 452
Prosecution of Foreigners for real or suspected Protestantism . 457
Obstruction of commercial Intercourse--Treaties with England, Holland and France .......... 462
Exclusion of Foreigners, except in the Army ...... 472
Conversion of foreign Heretics .......... 476

Chapter IV--Censorship.

Censorship originally a Function of the State ...... 480
The Lutheran Revolt leads the Inquisition to assume it in 1521. 482
Papal power granted in 1539 .......... 482
Licences to print issued by the State--Books condemned by the Inquisition ............. 483
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum or Expurgandorum. ... 484
Examination of all Libraries and Book-shops ...... 487
Savage law of Philip II in 1558 .......... 488
Use of the Edict of Faith and of the Confessional .... 490
Triviality of Expurgation . . . . . . . . . .' . 491
Divergence between the Inquisition and the Holy See . . . 492
Successive Indexes--of Quiroga, Sandoval, Zapata, Sotomayor, Vidal Marin, Prado y Cuesta and the Indice Ultimo . 493
Practice of Expurgating Books and Libraries--the Escorial . . 497
Vigilant Supervision over Book-shops and Libraries--Estates of the Dead ............. 501
Supervision over Importations and internal Traffic .... 504
Impediments to Commerce and Culture ....... 508
Precautions against Smuggling--Visitas de Navtos .... 510
    Interference with Commerce--The Case of Bilbao . . .513
    Become purely financial--Effort to revive them in 1819 ..519
Licences to read prohibited Books .........521
Penalties for Disregard of the Censorship ....... 525
Prohibition of vernacular Bibles .......... 527
Various Abuses of Censorship .......... 530
Quarrel with Rome over the Regalistas--The Inquisition secures its Independence ........... 533
It turns against the Crown--Carlos III controls its Censorship. . 539
Censorship directed against the Revolution....... 542
Censorship of Morals and Art........... 545
Influence of Censorship ............ 548

Appendix--Statistics of Offences and Penalties ..... 551

Documents ............... 555
 

Note: Material in this volume may be cited by URL or by the pagination of the original 1907 print edition. His has been inserted into the text in boldface, set off by brackets, as in [59].