BOOK VIII--SPHERES OF ACTION (CONTINUED).

CHAPTER V--MYSTICISM.

Antiquity of Mystic Aspirations .......... 1
Dangers--Impeccability--Independence ....... 2
Illuminism and Quietism--Confusion with Protestantism--
Uncertainty as to Source of Visions--Contempt for Theology .............. 4
Development in Spain ............ 6
Commencement of Persecution--The Mystics of Guadalajara ........ 7
Francisca Hernández ............. 9
Maria Cazalla--The Group in Toledo--Ignatius Loyola ... 13
Archbishop Carranza--San Francisco de Borja--Luis de Granada--the Jesuits ............. 15
Fray Alonso de la Fuente--his struggle with Jesuitism ... 19
The Alumbrados of Llerena ........... 23
Hostility of the Inquisition to Mysticism ....... 24
Padre Gerónimo de la Madre de Dios ........ 26
Mística Theología of Fernando de Caldera ....... 29
Prosecution of the Mystics of Seville--Condemnation of Alumbrado Errors ............. 29
Illuminism becomes formal Heresy--Procedure ..... 34
Madre Luisa de Carrion ............ 36
Influence of Mystics--Sor María de Agreda. ...... 39
Mysticism in Italy--

Canon Pandolfo Ricasoli
The Impostor Giuseppe Borri
The Sequere me ....... 42
The Pelagini of Lombardy .......... 46
Miguel de Molinos--Condemnation of Mysticism .... 49
The Beccarellisti ............. 61

Magdalena de la Cruz ........... 82
Madre María de la Visitacion ......... 83
Variable Treatment of Imposture ........ 86
The Beata Dolores--The Beata de Cuenca--The Beata Clara ............... 89
Sor Patrocinio ............. 92

CHAPTER VI--SOLICITATION.

Frequency of Seduction in the Confessional ...... 95
Invention of the Confessional Stall ......... 96
Leniency of Spiritual Courts ........... 97
The Inquisition indirectly seeks Jurisdiction ...... 98
Paul IV and Pius IV grant Jurisdiction ....... 99
The Regular Clergy endeavor to obtain Exemption .... 100
Legislation of Gregory XV--Struggle with Bishops over Jurisdiction ............... 100
Solicitation included in Edict of Faith ........ 105
Difficulty of inducing Women to denounce Culprits .... 106
Solicitation a technical Offence against the Sacrament, not against Morals ............. 109
Difficulty of practical Definition .......... 110
Passive Solicitation .............111
Absolution of the Partner in Guilt ......... 113
Facility of evading Penalty ...........114
Flagellation--Connection with Illuminism ....... 116
Procedure--Tenderness for Delinquents. ....... 119

Two Denunciations required ......... 123
Registers kept of Soliciting Confessors ....... 125

CHAPTER VII--PROPOSITIONS.

Growth of Jurisdiction over Utterances, public and private . . 138
Influence of habitual Delation .......... 138
Danger incurred by trivial Remarks ........ 140
Severity of Penalties--Question of Belief and Intention . . . 142
Special Propositions--Marriage better than Celibacy .... 144

Fornication between the Unmarried no Sin ..... 145

Scholastic Disputation, its Dangers ....... 150
Fray Luis accused of Disrespect for the Vulgate .... 151
Arrested and imprisoned March 27, 1572 ...... 153
Endless Debates over multiplying Articles of Accusation . 154
Vote in discordia, September 18, 1576 ....... 156
Acquitted by the Suprema, December 7, 1576 .... 157
Second trial in 1582 for Utterances in Debate--Acquittal . 159

He is summoned and reprimanded, September 24, 1584 . 164
Again summoned and imprisoned, September 25, 1600--his Death ............... 166

Prefers Trial by the Inquisition--is acquitted .... 170

CHAPTER VIII--SORCERY AND OCCULT ARTS.

Accumulation of Superstitious Beliefs in Spain ..... 179
Toleration in the early Middle Ages ......... 180
John XXII orders Persecution of Sorcery ....... 181
Persistent Toleration in Spain .......... 182
The Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction ........ 183
Question as to Heresy--Pact with the Demon ...... 184
The Demon omnipresent in Superstitious Practices--Hermaphrodites ............... 186
Belief thus strengthened in Divination and Magic .... 189
The Inquisition thus obtains exclusive Jurisdiction .... 190
Astrology--Its Teaching suppressed in the University of Salamanca ............... 192
Procedure--Directed to prove Pact with the Demon .... 195
Penalties--Less severe than in secular Courts ...... 197
Rationalistic Treatment in Portuguese Inquisition .... 202
Prosecuted as a Reality in Spain, to the last ...... 203
Increase in the Number of Cases ......... 204
Belief remains undiminished to the present time ..... 205

CHAPTER IX--WITCHCRAFT.

Distinctive Character of Witchcraft--The Sabbat .... 206
Origin in the 14th Century--Rapid Development in the 15th . 207
Genesis of Belief in the Sabbat--The Canon Episcopi . . . 208
Discussion as to Delusion or Reality--Witch-Burnings . . . 209
Congregation of 1526 deliberates on the Subject ..... 212
Witch Epidemics--Active Persecution ........ 214
The Suprema restrains the Zeal of the Tribunals ..... 216
Enlightened Instructions ............ 219
Auto-suggestive Hypnotism of confessed Witches ..... 220
Conflict with secular Courts over Jurisdiction ...... 222
Lenient Punishment ............. 223
Retrogression--The Logroño Auto of 1610 ....... 225
Revulsion of Feeling--Pedro de Valencia ....... 228
Alonso de Salazar Frias commissioned to investigate .... 230

His rationalistic Report ........... 231

CHAPTER X--POLITICAL ACTIVITY.

Assertion that the Inquisition was a political Instrument . . . 248
No Trace of its Agency in the Development ef Absolutism . . 249
Rarely called upon for extraneous Service ....... 251
Case of Antonio Pérez ............ 253

Assassination of Juan de Escobedo ........ 254
Pérez replaced by Granvelle--is imprisoned--escapes to Saragossa--is condemned in Madrid ...... 255
Futile Attempts to prosecute him before the Justicia of Aragon ............... 258
The Inquisition called in and prosecutes him for Blasphemy . 258
He is surrendered to the Tribunal--the City rises and rescues him ................ 259
Philip's Army occupies Saragossa--Pérez escapes to France--Execution of the Justicia Lanuza .... . 263
Prosecutions by the Inquisition in opposition to the policy of Philip II--Auto de fe of October 20, 1592 ... 267
Córtes of Tarazona in 1592 curtail the Liberties of Aragon 269
Death of Pérez in 1611--his memory absolved in 1615 . . 272

CHAPTER XI--JANSENISM.

Indefinable Character of Jansenism, except as opposed to Ultra-montanism .............. 284
Struggle in Spanish Flanders ........... 286
Quarrel with Rome over the Condemnation of Cardinal Noris in the Index of 1747 ............ 288
Opposition to Ultramontanism and Jesuitism persecuted as Jansenism .............. 292
Expulsion of the Jesuits--Reaction under Godoy ..... 294

CHAPTER XII--FREE-MASONRY

Development of Masonry--Condemned by the Holy See . . . 298
Persecuted by the Inquisition and the Crown ...... 300
It becomes revolutionary in Character ........ 303
Persecution under the Restoration ......... 304
Its pernicious Activity in the Constitutional Period .... 306

CHAPTER XIII--PHILOSOPHISM.

Growth of Incredulity towards the End of the Eighteenth Century 307
Olavide selected as a Victim ........... 308
Impression produced by his Trial . . . . . . . . .311
Struggle between Conservatism and Progress ...... 312

CHAPTER XIV--BIGAMY.

Assumption of Jurisdiction over Bigamy ....... 316
Based on inferential Heresy ........... 318
The Civil and Spiritual Courts strive to preserve their Jurisdiction 319
Penalties ................ 321
Contest over Jurisdiction revived--Carlos III subdivides it into three ............... 323
The Inquisition reasserts it under the Restoration. .... 326
Number of Cases .............. 327

CHAPTER XV--BLASPHEMY.

Distinction between heretical and non-heretical Blasphemy . . 328
Contests over Jurisdiction with the spiritual and secular Courts . 329
Attempts at Definition of heretical Blasphemy ..... 330
Cumulative Jurisdiction ............ 333
Moderation of Penalties ............ 334
Number of Cases .............. 335

CHAPTER XVI--MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS.

Marriage in Orders ............. 336
Personation of Priesthood............ 339

Roman Severity and Spanish Leniency ...... 340
Hearing of Confessions by Laymen ....... 344

The Plomos del Sacromonte ......... 357

Jurisdiction conferred in the Kingdoms of Aragon . . . 363
The Portuguese Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction .... 365
Trials conducted under secular Procedure ...... 366
Penalties ............... 367
Case of Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borja ..... 370

BOOK IX--CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER I--DECADENCE AND EXTINCTION.

Independence of the Inquisition in the XVII Century .... 385

THE BOURBONS.

Increased Control exercised by Philip V ....... 386
Gradual Diffusion of Enlightenment ........ 387
Progress under Carlos III--he limits Inquisitorial Privilege . . 389
Influence of the French Revolution ......... 390
Diminished Respect--Increasing Moderation ...... 392
Projects of Reform--Jovellanos--Urquijo ....... 394
Growth of Opposition--Bishop Grégoire and his Opponents . . 397

THE CORTES.

The Napoleonic Invasion and the Uprising of Spain .... 399
The Inquisition supports the Intrusive Government .... 400
Its desultory Functions during the War of Liberation . . . 402
The Extraordinary Cortes assemble, September 24, 1810 . . . 403
Freedom of the Press decreed--Controversy on the Inquisition . 404
The Constitution adopted ........... 406
Prolonged Struggle over the Suppression of the Inquisition--Carried January 26, 1813 .......... 407
Resistance of the Clergy ............ 414
Reaction preceding the Return of Fernando VII ..... 418

THE RESTORATION.

Character of Fernando VII ........... 420
Proscription of the Liberals ........... 421
The Inquisition re-established .......... 424
Its Reconstruction and financial Embarrassments .... 426
Resumption of Functions ............ 429
Its diminished Authority--Its Moderation ....... 430

THE REVOLUTION OF 1820.

Growing Disaffection culminates in successful Revolution . . . 434
Fernando compelled to abolish the Inquisition, March 9,1820 . . 436
Suicide of Liberalism ............. 438
Quarrel with the Church--Increasing Anarchy ..... 440
The Congress of Verona orders Intervention ...... 444
The French Invasion--Ferdinand carried to Cádiz .... 446
Proscription of the Liberals ........... 448
Fernando released and returns to Power ....... 449

TEN YEARS OF REACTION.

Absolutism revenges itself on Liberalism ....... 450
Fernando refuses to revive the Inquisition ....... 453
Discontent of the Extremists--Rising in Catalonia .... 456
Dormant Condition of the Inquisition ........ 458
Episcopal juntas de fe--Execution of Cayetano Ripoll . . . 460

CRISTINA.

The Question of Succession causes Reversal of Policy . . . 462
Death of Fernando VII--The Carlist War--Alliance of the Regent Cristina with the Liberals ......... 466
The Inquisition definitely abolished, July 15, 1834 .... 467
Gradual Development of Toleration ........ 469

CHAPTER II--RETROSPECT.

Vicissitudes in the History of Spain ........ 472
Causes of Decadence--Misgovernment of the Hapsburgs . . . 473

Industry crushed by Taxation ......... 478
Lack of Means of Intercommunication--The Mesta . . . 480
Debasement of the Coinage . . ........ 482
Aversion for Labor ............ 483
Multiplication of Offices--Empleomanía ...... 485
Gradual Recuperation under the Bourbons ..... 486

APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS ............ 535

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