| Year | Vecinos | Communicants | Inhabitants | Source |
| 1513 | 3,000 | 12-15,000 | 1. | |
| 1530 | 1,000 | 4,775-5,000 | 2. | |
| 748-1,000 | 3. | |||
| 1542 | 18,000 | 4. | ||
| 1546 | 6,000 | 25-30,000 | 1. | |
| 1563 | 2,520(a) | 12-14,000 | 5. | |
| 35,000 | 1. | |||
| 1570 | 4,000(a) | 14,000 | 6. | |
| 40,000 | 1. | |||
| 1572 | 35,000 | 10. | ||
| 1594 | 8,524 | 43,320 | 3. | |
| 9,541 (b) | 47,705 | 2. | ||
| 46,209 | 2. | |||
| 1597 | 7,016(a) | 45,422 | 101,550 | 8. |
| 11,857(c) | ||||
| 57,285 | 9. | |||
| 65,000 | 10. | |||
| 1617 | 108,332 | 11. | ||
| 75-80,000 | 2. | |||
| 1619 | 130,000 | 1. | ||
| 1621 | 112,000 | 1. | ||
| 1622-26 | 69,418 | 2. | ||
| 1626 | 300,000 | 12. | ||
| 1630 | 2-300,000 | 13. | ||
| 1646 | 58,664(d) | 392,175 | 14. | |
| 74,435 | 76,430 | 15. | ||
| 1659 | 129,633 | 1. | ||
| 1685 | 96,000 (e) | 1. | ||
| 1723 | 24,344 | 95,473 | 16. | |
| 30,000 | 180,000 | 17. | ||
| 121,720 | 18. | |||
| -129,473 |
| 150,000 | 19. | |||
| 1740 | 109,550 | 20. | ||
| 1743 | 111,268 | 21. | ||
| 1757 | 30,626 | 109,753 | 22. | |
| 150,000 | 23. | |||
| 147,543 | 2. | |||
| 1766 | 32,745 | 24. | ||
| 1769 | 121,038 | 25. | ||
| 1787 | 156,672 | 26. | ||
| 1797 | 167,607 | 27. | ||
| 1799 | 184,804 | 28. | ||
| 1804 | 176,374 | 29. | ||
| 1821 | 135,629 | 30. | ||
| 1825 | 50,336 | 201,344 | 31. | |
| 1831 | 49,400 | 211,127 | 32. | |
| 1833 | 166,607 | 33. | ||
| 1836 | 50,440 | 224,312 | 33. | |
| 1842 | 44,000 | 157,397 | 33. | |
| 194,312 | 33. | |||
| 1843 | 44,980 | 166,283 | 33. | |
| 55,267 | 212,225 | 33. | ||
| 1844 | 166,283 | 33. | ||
| 1845 | 48,108 | 202,570 | 33. | |
| 206,714 | 34. | |||
| 1846 | 205,848 | 33. | ||
| 174,564 | 33. | |||
| 58,750 | 235,000 | 35. | ||
| 215,000 | 36. | |||
| 1850 | 216,571 | 37. | ||
| 221,707 | 36. | |||
| 1851 | 234,178 | 36. | ||
| 1852 | 236,108 | 36. | ||
| 1853 | 231,866 | 38. | ||
| 1857 | 281,170 | 39. | ||
| 1860 | 298,426 | 40. | ||
| 1862 | 288,373 | 40. | ||
| 1864 | 285,174 | 40. | ||
| 1865 | 283,917 | 36. | ||
| 1866 | 282,976 | 40. | ||
| 1868 | 282,635 | 40. | ||
| 1869 | 292,483 | 36. | ||
| 1887 | 470,283 | 41. | ||
| 1895 | 547,399 | 41. | ||
| 1900 | 539,835 | 41. |
1. Domínguez Ortiz, Siglo XVII, pp. 129-134.
2. Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 31-34, based on Tomás González, Censo español del siglo XVI (1828).
3. Madoz, Diccionario, vol. 10, pp. 584-585, based on González, Censo español.
4. Espadas Burgos and Burgos, "Abastecimiento," p. 104, based on Gaspar de Barreiros.
5. Agustín G. de Amezua y Mayo, "Las primeras ordenanzas municípalies de la villa y corte de Madrid" (1926), pp. 401-404, based on Jerónimo de Quintana.
6. Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 31-34, based on González, Censo español, but confusing vecinos and habitantes.
7. Espadas Burgos and Burgos, "Abastecimiento," p. 104, based on reports by the Venetian ambassador.
8. AGS, Expedientes de hacienda, leg. 121, Padrones de Madrid; est. 56,128 "personas Juera del precepto de comunión."
9. Tomás González, Censo español del siglo XVI (1828), p. 96, based on AGS sources, accepted by Amezua, Martorell, Madoz.
10. Domínguez Ortiz, Siglo XVII, pp. 129-134, incl. est. of transients.
11. BN, ms. 2274, fol. 37; incl. religious, excl. transients and troops
12. Contemporary est., AHN, Consejos, let- 51538.
13. Patricia Shaw Fannian, "El Madrid y los madrileños del siglo XVII"; Rodrigo Diez de Noreña y Carranza, Respuesta política (1678), ch. 4, p. 265.
14. AGS, Diversos, leg. 23; González, Censo español, p. 96, adds 20,000 transients; these estimates are accepted by Amezua, Madoz.
15. Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 31-34, assuming that González confused vecinos and habitantes.
16. BN, ms. 2274; excl. troops, religious, hospicio residents.
17. Gerónymo de Uztariz, Theórica y práctica de comercio (1742), p. 35, commenting on BN, ms. 2274.
18. Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 20-21.
19. Domínguez Ortiz, Siglo XVIII, pp. 73-77, incl. 20,000 transients.
20. Juan Antonio de Estrada, Población general de España (1748), vol. 1, pp. 81-82, incl. "matriculados."
21. María Carbajo Isla, "Primeros resultados," p. 73, excl. "párvulos, religiosos, soldados, hospicios, hospitales."
22. AGS, DGR, Única contribución, leg. 1980; Malilla Tascón, "Primer Catastro," pp. 464-465.
23. Matilla Tascón, "Primer Catastro."
24. Arriquibar, Recreación política, letter 4, as cited from Sempere y Guarinos by Domínguez Ortiz.
25. Fernando Jiménez de Gregorio, "Censo de Arando," incl. religious, excl. troops, transients.
26. RAH, Censo 1787, leg. 9-6235; Madoz, Diccionario, vol. 10, p. 593; Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 20-21.
27. Censo of 1797, as cited by Martorell, Aportaciones, pp. 20-21; Madoz, Diccionario, vol. 10, p. 503.
28. José de Canga Arguelles, Diccionario de hacienda (1834), vol. 2, pp. 67-69, incl. troops, religious, excl. transients estimated at 30,000.
29. AVM, Secretaria, sig. 4-4-37, incl. troops, etc., but not transients.
30. Cristóbal y Mañas, La hacienda municipal, p. 39.
31. Sebastian Miñano, Diccionaro geográfíco-estadistico (1826-27), vol. 5, p. 345, police census; Romero de Solis, La población española, p. 170.
32. Mesonero Romanos, Manual (1833), pp. 44-45, incl. religious, excl. troops.
33. Madoz, Diccionario, vol. 10, p. 593.
34. AVM, Secretaría, sig. 6-61-47; Fernández García, Abastecimiento de Madrid, p. 148.
35. Madoz, Diccionario, vol. 10, p. 593, with Madoz' own estimate.
36. Fernández García, Abastecimiento de Madrid, p. 148, based on municipal sources.
37. AVM, Secretaría, sig. 6-61-49, incl. foreigners.
38. Mesonero Romanos, Manual (1854).
39. Fernández García, Abastecimiento de Madrid, p. 148; Vicens Vives, Manual, p. 565 (from census of 1857); AVM, Secretaría, sigs. 6-62-1 and 6-63-29.
40. Fernández García, Abastecimiento de Madrid, p. 148, taken from the Anuario provincial de Madrid.
41. Carmen Diaz del Moral,
La sociedad madrileña de fin de siglo (1974), p. 46.