THE LIBRARY OF IBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE

The Usatges of Barcelona :

The Fundamental Law of Catalonia

Donald J. Kagay

ademperamentum (custom revenues), 76

adjudication: by ruler; 69, 81, 92; failure to comply with, 103; permanence of, 104-5

affidamentum. See fidelitas

Agramunt, 50

aguait (ambush), 71, 106

Alaman de Cerveló, 70

Alfonso I “the Battler”, Aragonese king, 11 Alfonso II, Aragonese king, 25-26, 30-32, 38-39

Alfonso V, Aragonese king, 54

al-Hakam, caliph of Cordova, 7

al-Mansur, Cordovan military leader,7-8

Almodis, countess of Barcelona, 33, 69, 86, 90, 113

Almoravids, 11

Amat Eneas, 70

 apericio (open fief), 105

aprisio (Carolingian land settlement), 6

Aran, 122

Arnau II, count of Pallars, 121

Arnau de Eril, 122

Arnau Guillem de Sals, 120

Arnau Mir de Sent Martí, 70

assault, 72-73, 83-84

averamentum (affirmation), 79

bachalarius (wealthy peasant), 83

bailiff, 73, 94, 96, 109-11

Bar, 115

Barbastro, 32

Barcelona, 8; assembly of, 32; sack of, 14

bausia (treason), 47, 77-78, 80-81

Berenguer, bishop of Barcelona, 113

Berenguer Dalmau, bishop of Gerona, 113, 118

Berenguer Ramón I, count of Barcelona, 8

Berenguer Ramón II, count of Barcelona, 10, n. 29

Bernat Amat de Claramunt, 70

Bernat, count of Basalú, 130

Bernat Desclot, chronicler, 38

Bernat de Tort, 29

Bertran de Eramont, 122

Besalú, 10, 126

Bologna, 19, 24-25

bonas (coin hord), 97

Bonausa, 121

Bonfil March, 71

Borrell II, count of Barcelona, 7-8

Breviarum Aliarici, 21, 108

Caesaraugustana (canon law collection), 23

canals, 41, 89

Cap de Creus, 85

Carcassone, 7

castellans, 78

Catalan Statute, 57

Catalonia, early history, 3-17; geography, 3-4, 11, 48-49

cavalleria (knight’s fee), 76

Cerdanya, 9-10, 50, 115, 117

Charlemagne, 6

Charles Martel, 5

Charmez, 123

clergy, 102, 107, 109, 113-4, 117

coinage, 35-36, 41, 66, 87. See also dinar, libra mancuses, ounces, solidi, sous

comitor (middle ranking noble), 71, 75, 98, 105

Compilación del Derecho Civil, 57

Comprodon, 126

Conflent, 50, 117

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, 44

Constitucions y Altres Drets de Catalunya, 54

convenientia (fuedal pact), 15, 45

Cornellá, 125-26

corporal punishment, 91, 94

Corpus Juris Civilis, 21, 88

Corts, 53, 55

count of Barcelona, 7, 9, 20-22, 37-43, 45-49, [145]
70-71, 76, 117; court of, 43, 86

cugucia (adultery), 46, 69

Decreto de Nueva Planta, 56

dinars, 92, 117

domestic relations, 100, 104-5

Douce, countess of Provence, 10

 Ebro River, 4

emperamentum (protection), 41, 81, 84-90, 99

encalz (armed attack), 72

Epitome Aegidii, 21

Ermengol IV, count of Urgel, 115-6

Ermessinda, countess of Barcelona, 9

Erola, 85

eschaza (leg irons), 72

Etymologiae, 22, 111-2

Exceptiones Legum Romanorum, 59

exorquia (property of childless owner), 46, 88, 95

fagatio de directo (vassalic default), 82

Felipe V, Spanish king, 55-56

Ferran de Antequera (Fernando I), Aragonese king, 54

feudal relations, Catalonia, vassals: castles, giving control to lord, 78; judicial rights to, 48; sale or mortgaging of, 84, 110-1; crimes against lord 81-82; dereliction to lord, 47, 78-81, 99-100; diffidamentum (breaking ties to lord), 47, 80, 100; duties to lord, 45-46, 78-79; fealty, 82; fiefs, open, 105; sale or mortgaging of, 78-79; oaths to lords, 82; solidancia (liege lordship), 15, 47; sureties, 47, 75-76, 80-81

feudal relations, Catalonia, lords: judgement of vassals, 76-77; oppression of vassals, 81; rights over vassalic land, 77-78, 93-94, 103-4.

fevum (fief), 14-15, 73, 75-93, 100-1

fidelitas (fealty), 14, 76, 82, 91

Finistrel, 85

Fraga, 121

Fondarella, assembly of, 31-32

Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Empire, 44

fundibula (war engine), 91

Fueros of Aragon, 51

Furs, 50-51

Galceran de Sals,30, 124-25

gatta (battering ram), 91

Gavara, 85

Gerona, assembly of, 32

Gerri, 28

Gesta Comitum Barchinonesis, 57-58

greujes (parliamentary grievance), 53

Gicbert Guitart, 71

Gombau Besora, 70

Guillem Bernat de Queralt, 70

Guillem Borrell, 71

Guillem de Perves, 122

Guillem de Vallseca, legist, 52

Guillem March, judge, 33, 71

Guillem Ramon [1] de Montcada, 33, 71

Guillem Seneschal, 70

Guirard, count of Roussillon, 120

Guislabert, count of Roussillon, 120

gussa (war engine),

hispani, 6

homicide, 71-73, 80-81, 94

hominaticum (homage), 14, 73, 76, 80, 91, 98, 100-1. 103-4

Hug II, count of Empuries, 123

imperium (authority), 38

informers, 96

insults, 90

intestia (property of intestate owner), 46

intitulatio (intitulation), 38

Isidore of Seville, 21, 111-2

iuvamen (aid), 45

Jaime I, Aragonese king, 50-51

Jaime II, Aragonese king, 53

Jaime Callis, legist, 54

Jaume de Marquilles, legist, 58

Jaume de Montjuich, legist, 39

Jazpert II, viscount of Castellnou, 124

[146]

Jews, 73, 83, 100-1

Jofre Bastó, 70

judgement by battle, 69, 82

knights, 71-72, 77, 81, 83-84

law: canon, 20; customary, 1, 18-19; general conception of, 18; personal, 1, 14; Roman, 18-19, 22; Visigothic, 1, 12-13, 21, 33, 41

Lerida, 4, 10-11, 50, 122

Liber Judiciorum, 21, 36-37, 59, 90, 94, 103-4, 108

libra, 124

Libri Feudorum, 22, 44, 78-79, 89

litigation: accusations, 109; appeals, 108; complaint, 82; domestic, 99-100; evidence, 110; hours of, 106; oaths, 83, 108; out-of-court settlement, 90-91; procedures, 76-77; refusal to engage in,98; testimony, 109; violent response to, 84, 119-21

Louis the Pious, 6

Majorca, 11, 50, 63

mals usos (evil customs), 16, 46

mancuses, 83, 97

marca hispanica (Spanish March), 6-7, 10

Maria of Castile, Aragonese queen, 55

Martin I, Aragonese king, 54-55

Mauri, 130

Mir Geribert, 9, 40

Mir Guilabert, 70

Miron Raculf, 128

Montcada, 85

Montanyana, 112

Muslims: aid to, 98-99; compensation for attacks on, 75; return of captives, 97; war and peace with, 107

Naples, 55

Narcis de Sant Dionis, legist, 54

Olaguer, archbishop of Tarragona, 29, 118

Olérdola, castle, 116-7

Oliba, bishop of Ausona, 17

Orcau, castle, 119

ordeal, 69, 84, 94-96

ounces, 71-73, 75-77, 84-86, 89, 98-99

Pallars, 9, 121, 129

parias (tributes), 10

paterfamilias (father of family), 38

pax et treuga (peace and truce of God), 9, 17, 32, 92, 106, 113-8

peasants, 73, 83, 94-95, 97

Pedro IV, Aragonese king, 54

Pere, bishop of Gerona, 117

Pere Albert, legist, 51, 58

Pere de Bardet, 120

Pere de Puigvert, 30

Perelada, 123

Pere Ramón, 10, n. 29

Petri Exceptiones, 21

Petronilla, Aragonese queen, 12

Pi y Margall, Fernando, de, 56

Ponç, viscount of Cardona, 70

Ponç de Eril, 122

Ponç Hug I, count of Empuries, 123

potestas (control, ruler), 13, 38-43, 81-82, 85-86, 91, 98

Prat de la Riba, Enric, 56

princeps (prince), 12, 38-43, 51, 85-92, 97-104, 113, 117-8

Provence, 10, 23, 32, 51, 63, 117-8

Ramón, viscount of Cardona, 70

Ramón IV, count of Pallars Jussa, 119, 129

Ramón Berenguer I, count of Barcelona, 3, 14, 23, 26, 33, 54-58, 64, 69-70, 86. 90, 103, 107, 123

Ramón Berenguer II, count of Barcelona, 10, n. 29

Ramón Berenguer III, count of Barcelona, 10, 24, 26, 39, 131

Ramón Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, 2, 11, 26, 29, 123-26

Ramón de Eril, 121-22

Ramón de Valamuls, 124

Ramón de Valsegne,120

Ramón Gaufred, bishop of Ausona, 118

Ramón Miron de Orcau, 129

Ramón Remon, 128

Ramón Sanç, 128

[147]

Renalt Guillem, 70

Renallus, 24

reptamentum (public accusation), 78

Ripoll, 27

Riutort River, 116

roads, 4, 85-86, 89

Robert Burdet, prince of Tarragona, 29

Romanio, 126

Roger de Eril, 121-22

Ros, 122

sagio (subaltern judicial official), 87

Salou, 85

sanctuaries, 96

San Miquel de Cuxa, 126

Santa Maria de Besalú, 126

Sant Cugat de Valles, 27

Segre River, 116

shipping, 41, 84-85

slander, 75, 90

solidi 106,

sollata (soldier’s fees), 99

sous, 74-76, 83, 87-88, 114, 117, 121, 128

statica (castle lodging), 78

ta’ifas, 8

Tarragona, 5, 29, 40

Tarrega, 128

Texneres, 120

Toledo, 5

Toloriu, 115

Toraies, castle, 124

Tortosa, 4, 10, 50

trees, damage to, 98

Ugo Candidus, Papal legate, 57

Ulait, viscount of Barcelona, 70

Umbert de les Agudes, 71

Umberto de Orto, 22, 44

Urgel, 115-6

Usatges of Barcelona: compilers, 18-27; editions and manuscripts of, 65-66; growth and suppression of, 49-57; research on, 47-64; spread to fundamental legal status, 27-33

usaticus (usage), 28, 35, 64, 69, 111-2

Urgel, 7, 9, 116

Val Benasc, 112

Valencia, countess of Pallars Jussa, 119

Valencia, kingdom of, 50

Vallebona, 111

vasvassor (middle rank noble), 71, 73, 76, 105

violence ban among strangers, 101

Vitraria,

Wifred I, count of Barcelona, 7, 38

women: adultery of, 69, 95; compensation to, 75; rape of, 94-95; as widows, 110

wounding, 72-73

Zallaqa, battle of, 11